Geology 105: History of Life
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Lecture Notes
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Introduction and Overview
Fossils 1
Fossils 2
Geologic Principles
Relative Time
Absolute Time
Diversity of Life
Evolution
Evolution and Diversity
Rates of Evolution
Extinction
Plate Tectonics
Origin of the Earth
Origin of Life
Early Precambrian (Archean) Life
Late Precambrian (Proterozoic) Life
The Cambrian Explosion
Early Paleozoic Life
Late Paleozoic Marine Life
The Invasion of Land 1
The Invasion of Land 2
The Permo-Triassic Extinctions
Mesozoic Marine Life
Mesozoic Terrestrial Life
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions
Cenozoic Life

Diversity of Life

Lecture 7
2/18/98

Introduction
 To date, we have discussed nature of fossils and geologic principles.
 In the next several lectures, we will cover the diversity of life and the major biologic principles needed to interpret the fossil record.
Key Points
 Life is "organized/catagorized" by humans
 This organization evolves with our understanding
 Life is not organized by increasing steps of evolution
Organizational Scheme (Linnaeus)
 Kingdom
 phyla
 class
 order
 family
 genus
 species
Overview of life
 SuperKingdoms
 Eubacteria ("True bacteria", mitochondria, and chloroplasts)
 Archaea (Methanogens, Halophiles, Sulfolobus, and relatives)
 Eukaryotes (Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals, etc.)
 Kingdom Protista (single-celled animals)
 Kingdom Chromista (single-celled plants)
 Kingdom Fungi
 Kingdom Plantia
 Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)
 Worms & such
 Phyla Porifera (sponges)
 Phyla Cnidaria (anemomes, jellyfish, corals)
 Phyla Arthropoda
 class trilobita
 class crustacea (crabs, lobster, barnacles)
 class hexapoda (insects)
 class myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes)
 class arachnida (spiders)
 Lophophorates
 Phyla Brachiopoda
 Phyla Bryozoa
 Phyla Mollusca
 class bivalvia (clams)
 class gastropoda (snails)
 class cephalopoda (squid, octopus, ammonites)
 Phyla Echinodermata
 sea Urchins
 sand dollars
 starfish
 crinoids
 Phyla Cordata
 tunicates
 fish
 amphibians
 reptiles
 dinosauria
 dinosaurs
 birds
 mammals