Geology 105: History of Life
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Lecture Notes
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Introduction and Overview
Fossils 1
Fossils 2
Geologic Principles
Relative Time
Absolute Time
Diversity of Life
Evolution
Evolution and Diversity
Rates of Evolution
Extinction
Plate Tectonics
Origin of the Earth
Origin of Life
Early Precambrian (Archean) Life
Late Precambrian (Proterozoic) Life
The Cambrian Explosion
Early Paleozoic Life
Late Paleozoic Marine Life
The Invasion of Land 1
The Invasion of Land 2
The Permo-Triassic Extinctions
Mesozoic Marine Life
Mesozoic Terrestrial Life
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions
Cenozoic Life

Early Paleozoic Life

Lecture 18
3/30/98

Introduction
 Today we will look at the fossil record from the Early Paleozoic (Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian Periods)
 These fossils record increasing diversity and changes in the structure of the in marine biosphere.
Key Points
 Throughout the Early Paleozoic diversity of life increases.
 Increasing diversity appears to result from increasing specialization of faunas.
 This specialization may have resulted as the earth's environment became more stable.
Physical Setting
 Continent Distribution
 Cambrian
 Openning of the Iapetous Ocean (proto-Atlantic)
 Development of shallow seas on North America and Europe
 most continental mass at low latitudes around the equator
 Ordrovician/Silurian
 Further breakup of continents into smaller pieces
 Development of deep ocean basins
Biologic Setting
 Marine Biosphere
 Cambrian fauna
 Diversity
 generally low diversity
 Dominated by Arthropods
 Other groups
 Inarticulate brachiopods
 Archeocyathids
 Trophic levels
 Primary producers
 grazers (suspension-feeders)
 archeocyathids
 brachiopods
 scavangers (detritus feeders)
 trilobites
 predators
 Dominated by generalists
 Ordovician/Silurian (Paleozoic fauna)
 Higher diversity
 Diversity and Trophic levels
 Reduction of trilobites
 extinction of archeocyathids
 Dominated by suspension feeders
 articluate brachiopods
 crinoids
 bryozoans
 corals
 Benthic predators
 nautiloids (cephalopods)
 planktonic filter-feeders (zooplankton)
 graptolites
 ostracods
 evolution of vertabrates
 Dominated by specialists