Geology 105: History of Life
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Lecture Notes
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Introduction and Overview
Fossils 1
Fossils 2
Geologic Principles
Relative Time
Absolute Time
Diversity of Life
Evolution
Evolution and Diversity
Rates of Evolution
Extinction
Plate Tectonics
Origin of the Earth
Origin of Life
Early Precambrian (Archean) Life
Late Precambrian (Proterozoic) Life
The Cambrian Explosion
Early Paleozoic Life
Late Paleozoic Marine Life
The Invasion of Land 1
The Invasion of Land 2
The Permo-Triassic Extinctions
Mesozoic Marine Life
Mesozoic Terrestrial Life
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions
Cenozoic Life

Late Paleozoic Marine Life

Lecture 19
4/1/98

Introduction
 On Monday we looked at changes in the marine biosphere during the Early Paleozoic. Today we will continue this discussion into the Late Paleozoic
Key Points
 The diversity of the Paleozoic Fauna does not change significantly during the late Paleozoic
 Two additional groups become important in late Paleozoic, the ammonites and the fishes.
 Radiation of the jawed fishes in the Devonian was a key event in the late Paleozoic marine biosphere.
Important Groups
 Paleozoic fauna
 brachiopods
 corals
 crinoids
 Ammonites
 Fishes
Diversity
 Paleozoic fauna is stable with slight declines
 Decline is probably related to radiation of the fishes and ammonites
Radiation in fishes
 concentrated in the Devonian
 three major groups of fish appear in the Early Devonian
 placoderms
 cartilagenous fish
 bony fish
 Fish become important predators
 Dunkleosteus
 Fish invade freshwater
Evolution of the fishes
 Jawless fishes
 first appear in the Ordovician
 modern jawless fish include hagfish and lampreys
 Jawed fishes
 evolution of the jaw
 gills are supported by cartilage arches
 mutations and selection modify the front-most gill arches
 The first jawed fishes evolved in the Silurian
 placoderms
 heavily armored heads
 probably lived near the bottom
 armor on the head made movement though the water difficult
 most placoderms became extinct by the end of the Devonian
 sharks
 cartilagenous skeletons
 boney scales and teeth
 relatively unchanged since the Devonian
 bony fishes
 lobe-fin fish
 lungfish
 Coelacanth
 Rhipidistians
 ray fin fish
 most modern fishes