Geology 105: History of Life
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Lecture Notes
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Introduction and Overview
Fossils 1
Fossils 2
Geologic Principles
Relative Time
Absolute Time
Diversity of Life
Evolution
Evolution and Diversity
Rates of Evolution
Extinction
Plate Tectonics
Origin of the Earth
Origin of Life
Early Precambrian (Archean) Life
Late Precambrian (Proterozoic) Life
The Cambrian Explosion
Early Paleozoic Life
Late Paleozoic Marine Life
The Invasion of Land 1
The Invasion of Land 2
The Permo-Triassic Extinctions
Mesozoic Marine Life
Mesozoic Terrestrial Life
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions
Cenozoic Life

Evolution

Lecture 8
2/20/98

Introduction
 Last lecture, we discussed the diversity of life, making a quick tour of a number of the important groups
 Today we will look at the processes involved in generating that diversity.
Key Points
 Evolution is a process where organisms will change through time
 Natural selection is a hypothesis used to explain how evolution can occur.
 Evolution by natural selection is not directed
Evolution
 What is the driving force behind evolutionary change
 Early views
 Lamarck
 Natural selection
 Problems with natural selection
Mutation and genetic variability
 Mendel
 principles of genetics
 DNA
 The molecule that genes are composed of
 Genes copied during cell division
 Genes divided up for sexual reproduction
 Types of mutation
 structural
 developmental
Speciation
 gradual
 puncutated
Patterns of Evolution
 adaptive radiation
 convergence
 extinction